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Thunderbird's update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.

zetlyn/cve-nvd vulnerability cve CVE-2025-2817 cpe cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:* cpe cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:* cpe cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* known 2025-04-29

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2817

Properties

cvss8.8
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
8.8
Read by
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Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-05 12:24 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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Source
NVD
Its words
Firefox
Read by
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Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-05 12:24 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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Source
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Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-05 12:24 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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vendorMozilla
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
Mozilla
Read by
field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].vendor
Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-05 12:24 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "product": "Firefox",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "115.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "115.23",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "128.10",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "138",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "product": "Thunderbird",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "128.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "128.10",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "138",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source": "security@mozilla.org"
      }
    ],
    "configurations": [
      {
        "nodes": [
          {
            "cpeMatch": [
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "844477E0-B931-4583-94F3-2C9871DB0D07",
                "versionEndExcluding": "115.23.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "EB8A8C7B-B65D-4DF5-BDB5-0C3C4E2DB72C",
                "versionEndExcluding": "138.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "01B708BC-00EE-41A1-80B7-0C845DAE30E8",
                "versionEndExcluding": "128.10.0",
                "versionStartIncluding": "116.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "47A000D1-78D1-43A0-BBA8-5018439291D3",
                "versionEndExcluding": "128.10.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "8EBE9403-75DD-46EE-AD64-B950562130D1",
                "versionEndExcluding": "138.0",
                "versionStartIncluding": "129.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "negate": false,
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "cveTags": [],
    "descriptions": [
      {
        "lang": "en",
        "value": "Thunderbird's update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10."
      },
      {
        "lang": "es",
        "value": "El mecanismo de actualización de Mozilla Firefox permitía que un proceso de usuario de integridad media interfiriera con el actualizador a nivel de SYSTEM manipulando el comportamiento de bloqueo de archivos. Al inyectar código en el proceso con privilegios de usuario, un atacante podía eludir los controles de acceso previstos, lo que permitía operaciones con archivos a nivel de SYSTEM en rutas controladas por un usuario sin privilegios y habilitaba la escalada de privilegios. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox < 138, Firefox ESR < 128.10, Firefox ESR < 115.23, Thunderbird < 138 y Thunderbird ESR < 128.10."
      }
    ],
    "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
    "lastModified": "2026-09-30T18:10:00.190",
    "metrics": {
      "cvssMetricV31": [
        {
          "cvssData": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
          "impactScore": 5.9,
          "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "type": "Secondary"
        }
      ],
      "ssvcV203": [
        {
          "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "ssvcData": {
            "id": "CVE-2025-2817",
            "options": [
              {
                "exploitation": "none"
              },
              {
                "automatable": "no"
              },
              {
                "technicalImpact": "total"
              }
            ],
            "role": "CISA Coordinator",
            "timestamp": "2025-04-30T03:56:27.621494Z",
            "version": "2.0.3"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "published": "2025-04-29T14:15:32.220",
    "references": [
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Permissions Required"
        ],
        "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1917536"
      },
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/"
      },
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/"
      },
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-30/"
      },
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/"
      },
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/"
      },
      {
        "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
        "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00022.html"
      }
    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "security@mozilla.org",
    "vulnStatus": "Modified",
    "weaknesses": [
      {
        "description": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "CWE-22"
          }
        ],
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Text

Thunderbird's update mechanism allowed a medium-integrity user process to interfere with the SYSTEM-level updater by manipulating the file-locking behavior. By injecting code into the user-privileged process, an attacker could bypass intended access controls, allowing SYSTEM-level file operations on paths controlled by a non-privileged user and enabling privilege escalation. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Firefox ESR 115.23, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10. El mecanismo de actualización de Mozilla Firefox permitía que un proceso de usuario de integridad media interfiriera con el actualizador a nivel de SYSTEM manipulando el comportamiento de bloqueo de archivos. Al inyectar código en el proceso con privilegios de usuario, un atacante podía eludir los controles de acceso previstos, lo que permitía operaciones con archivos a nivel de SYSTEM en rutas controladas por un usuario sin privilegios y habilitaba la escalada de privilegios. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox < 138, Firefox ESR < 128.10, Firefox ESR < 115.23, Thunderbird < 138 y Thunderbird ESR < 128.10.