An Expected Behavior Violation [CWE-440] vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS may allow an attacker to bypass the Fireware OS boot time s…

cve CVE-2025-13940 1 source, 1 claim · Watch

NVD writes:
An Expected Behavior Violation [CWE-440] vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS may allow an attacker to bypass the Fireware OS boot time system integrity check and prevent the Firebox from shutting down in the event of a system integrity check failure. The on-demand system integrity check in the Fireware Web UI will correctly show a failed system integrity check message in the event of a failure. the claim

Severity: MEDIUM NVD
CVSS: 5.5 NVD
Fixed in: 2025.1.3, 12.11.5 NVD
Vendor: WatchGuard NVD
Product: Fireware OS NVD
CWE: CWE-440 NVD

How far exploitation has got

No public code known
Proof of concept
Proof of concept, verified
A Metasploit module
Exploited in the wild
Used in ransomware campaigns

Timeline

2025-12-04

first spoke of it: An Expected Behavior Violation [CWE-440] vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS may allow an attacker to bypass the Fireware OS boot time system integrity check and prevent the Firebox from shutting down in the event of a system integrity check failure. The on-demand system integrity check in the Fireware Web UI will correctly show a failed system integrity check message in the event of a failure.

NVD

An Expected Behavior Violation [CWE-440] vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS may allow an attacker to bypass the Fireware OS boot time system integrity check and prevent the Firebox from shutting down in the event of a system integrity check failure. The on-demand system integrity check in the Fireware Web UI will correctly show a failed system integrity check message in the event of a failure.

What it is to other things

affects	watchguard/firebox_m270 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m290 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m370 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m390 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m440 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m4600 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m470 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m4800 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m5600 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m570 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m5800 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m590 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m670 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_m690 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_nv5 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t115-w NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t125 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t125-w NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t145 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t145-w NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t185 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t20 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t25 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t40 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t45 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t55 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t70 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t80 NVD
affects	watchguard/firebox_t85 NVD
affects	watchguard/fireboxcloud NVD
affects	watchguard/fireboxv NVD
affects	watchguard/fireware NVD
made_by	watchguard NVD

In words only, so not counted until a person confirms one:

affects

watchguard/fireware_os

NVD says “WatchGuard · Fireware OS”

Every value, with what each source said and its receipt

Property Source Said Means here

Automatable

automatable

NVD

At least one of those steps needs a person.

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: no
Read by: field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].automatable
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	no
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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}

—

CVSS

cvss

NVD

5.5

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: 5.5
Read by: field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[type=Primary].cvssData.baseScore || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[].cvssData.baseScore
Said since: 2026-09-29 09:45 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

What the source handed over

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}

—

Cvss4

cvss4

NVD

6.7

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: 6.7
Read by: field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV40[type=Primary].cvssData.baseScore || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV40[].cvssData.baseScore
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	6.7
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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            "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
          "type": "Secondary"
        }
      ],
      "ssvcV203": [
        {
          "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "ssvcData": {
            "id": "CVE-2025-13940",
            "options": [
              {
                "exploitation": "none"
              },
              {
                "automatable": "no"
              },
              {
                "technicalImpact": "partial"
              }
            ],
            "role": "CISA Coordinator",
            "timestamp": "2025-12-05T15:44:59.491929Z",
            "version": "2.0.3"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "published": "2025-12-04T22:15:48.140",
    "references": [
      {
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
        "url": "https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2025-13940"
      },
      {
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2025-00026"
      }
    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
    "vulnStatus": "Modified",
    "weaknesses": [
      {
        "description": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "CWE-440"
          }
        ],
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}

—

Cvss4 vector

cvss4_vector

NVD

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Read by: field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV40[type=Primary].cvssData.vectorString || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV40[].cvssData.vectorString
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

{
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      {
        "affectedData": [
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            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Fireware OS",
            "vendor": "WatchGuard",
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                "status": "affected",
                "version": "2025.1",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
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                "lessThan": "12.11.5",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "12.8.1",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3"
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    ],
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                "matchCriteriaId": "7DC49246-2166-4681-8D67-4C0940884872",
                "vulnerable": false
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                "matchCriteriaId": "CC853916-8BDC-4F7C-BA53-D6AB490A9444",
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              },
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                "matchCriteriaId": "DCB1A254-DA3C-4032-B2C6-C9EBCE8EC15E",
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              },
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              },
              {
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              },
              {
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              },
              {
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                "matchCriteriaId": "3552F3BB-8021-4E87-987D-870699A7E619",
                "vulnerable": false
              },
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                "matchCriteriaId": "158560A0-D694-41AF-A5F8-0F6FB3EFB8FA",
                "vulnerable": false
              },
              {
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            ],
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            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ],
        "operator": "AND"
      }
    ],
    "cveTags": [],
    "descriptions": [
      {
        "lang": "en",
        "value": "An Expected Behavior Violation [CWE-440] vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS may allow an attacker to bypass the Fireware OS boot time system integrity check and prevent the Firebox from shutting down in the event of a system integrity check failure. The on-demand system integrity check in the Fireware Web UI will correctly show a failed system integrity check message in the event of a failure."
      },
      {
        "lang": "es",
        "value": "Una vulnerabilidad de Violación de Comportamiento Esperado [CWE-440] en WatchGuard Fireware OS puede permitir a un atacante eludir la comprobación de integridad del sistema en tiempo de arranque de Fireware OS y evitar que el Firebox se apague en caso de un fallo en la comprobación de integridad del sistema. La comprobación de integridad del sistema bajo demanda en la UI web de Fireware mostrará correctamente un mensaje de fallo en la comprobación de integridad del sistema en caso de un fallo. Este problema afecta a Fireware OS: desde 12.8.1 hasta 12.11.4, desde 2025.1 hasta 2025.1.2."
      }
    ],
    "id": "CVE-2025-13940",
    "lastModified": "2026-09-25T23:10:00.463",
    "metrics": {
      "cvssMetricV31": [
        {
          "cvssData": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
          "impactScore": 3.6,
          "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
          "type": "Primary"
        }
      ],
      "cvssMetricV40": [
        {
          "cvssData": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "baseScore": 6.7,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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          "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
          "type": "Secondary"
        }
      ],
      "ssvcV203": [
        {
          "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "ssvcData": {
            "id": "CVE-2025-13940",
            "options": [
              {
                "exploitation": "none"
              },
              {
                "automatable": "no"
              },
              {
                "technicalImpact": "partial"
              }
            ],
            "role": "CISA Coordinator",
            "timestamp": "2025-12-05T15:44:59.491929Z",
            "version": "2.0.3"
          }
        }
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    "published": "2025-12-04T22:15:48.140",
    "references": [
      {
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
        "url": "https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2025-13940"
      },
      {
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2025-00026"
      }
    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
    "vulnStatus": "Modified",
    "weaknesses": [
      {
        "description": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "CWE-440"
          }
        ],
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}

—

CVSS vector

cvss_vector

NVD

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Read by: field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[type=Primary].cvssData.vectorString || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[].cvssData.vectorString
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
            "product": "Fireware OS",
            "vendor": "WatchGuard",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "2025.1.3",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "2025.1",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "12.11.5",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "12.8.1",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3"
      }
    ],
    "configurations": [
      {
        "nodes": [
          {
            "cpeMatch": [
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                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                "versionEndExcluding": "2025.1.3",
                "versionStartIncluding": "2025.1",
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "negate": false,
            "operator": "OR"
          },
          {
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              },
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                "matchCriteriaId": "7FC18430-C6B4-4395-BFF1-83BB005875BA",
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                "matchCriteriaId": "1A7C1C91-8B6E-4FB0-841E-7F88B06B1435",
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                "matchCriteriaId": "8FE309D6-BD5E-4D18-91C3-A492C3576115",
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}

—

CWE

cwe

NVD

CWE-440

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: CWE-440
Read by: field:cve.weaknesses[].description[].value
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	CWE-440
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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      },
      {
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    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
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        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}

—

Exploitation

exploitation

NVD

none

No evidence of exploitation, and no public proof of concept.

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: none
Read by: field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].exploitation
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	none
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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      },
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    ],
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    "vulnStatus": "Modified",
    "weaknesses": [
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        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}

—

Fixed in

fixed_in

NVD

2025.1.3, 12.11.5

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: 2025.1.3, 12.11.5
Read by: field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].versions[status=affected].lessThan
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	2025.1.3, 12.11.5
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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}

—

Product

product

NVD

Fireware OS

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: Fireware OS
Read by: field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].product
Said since: 2026-09-29 17:49 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-09-29 17:49 UTC	Fireware OS
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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}

—

Severity

severity

NVD

MEDIUM

From 4.0 to 6.9.

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: MEDIUM
Read by: field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[type=Primary].cvssData.baseSeverity || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[].cvssData.baseSeverity
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	MEDIUM
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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}

medium

Status

status

NVD

Modified

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: Modified
Read by: field:cve.vulnStatus
Said since: 2026-09-29 09:45 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

What the source handed over

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}

—

Technical impact

technical_impact

NVD

partial

The attacker gains limited control, or limited information.

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: partial
Read by: field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].technicalImpact
Said since: 2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-10-06 11:54 UTC	partial
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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      }
    ]
  }
}

—

Vendor

vendor

NVD

WatchGuard

receipt

Source: NVD
Its words: WatchGuard
Read by: field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].vendor
Said since: 2026-09-29 17:49 UTC
Last answered: 2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original: open at the source

2026-09-29 17:49 UTC	WatchGuard
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC	—

What the source handed over

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        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}

—

Every claim, by kind

vulnerability

zetlyn/cve-nvd · 2025-12-04

automatable no cvss 5.5 cvss4 6.7 cvss4_vector CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X cvss_vector CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N cwe CWE-440 exploitation none fixed_in 2025.1.3, 12.11.5 product Fireware OS severity MEDIUM status Modified technical_impact partial vendor WatchGuard

source