curl: Information disclosure via cross-protocol redirect with OAuth2 bearer token
cve CVE-2025-14524 2 sources, 2 claims · Watch
Red Hat writes:
curl: Information disclosure via cross-protocol redirect with OAuth2 bearer token the claim
curl: Information disclosure via cross-protocol redirect with OAuth2 bearer token the claim
- Severity they disagree
- MEDIUM NVDlow Red Hat
- CVSS they disagree
- 5.3 NVD6.5 Red Hat
- Fixed in
- 8.14.2, 8.16.1, 8.18.0 NVD
- Vendor
- curl NVD
- Product
- curl NVD
- CWE
- CWE-522, CWE-601 NVDCWE-201 Red Hat
How far exploitation has got
- No public code known
- Proof of concept
- Proof of concept, verified
- A Metasploit module
- Exploited in the wild
- Used in ransomware campaigns
Why the CVSS differs
| Metric | NVD | Red Hat |
|---|---|---|
| Attack vector AV | network N | network N |
| Attack complexity AC | high H | low L |
| Privileges required PR | none N | none N |
| User interaction UI | required R | required R |
| Scope S | unchanged U | unchanged U |
| Confidentiality C | high H | high H |
| Integrity I | none N | none N |
| Availability A | none N | none N |
Each source scores the same vulnerability from what it judges the attack to need. The rows marked are where they judge it differently.
Timeline
| 2026-01-07 | first spoke of it: curl: Information disclosure via cross-protocol redirect with OAuth2 bearer token | Red Hat |
| 2026-01-08 | first spoke of it: When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer performs a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP, POP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new target host. | NVD |
What it is to other things
| affects | haxx/curl NVD |
| made_by | haxx NVD |
In words only, so not counted until a person confirms one:
| made_by | curlNVD says “curl” |
| affects | curl/curlNVD says “curl · curl” |
Every value, with what each source said and its receipt
| Property | Source | Said | Means here | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automatable automatable | NVD | no At least one of those steps needs a person. receipt
What the source handed over{
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{
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"vendor": "curl",
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"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"version": "8.17.0",
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}
]
},
{
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"vendor": "curl",
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"status": "affected",
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"versionType": "git"
}
]
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"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "A68C0C39-B32A-4FED-A179-1BF16B8E0E1C",
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}
],
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],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer\nperforms a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP,\nPOP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new\ntarget host."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Cuando se utiliza un token portador de OAuth2 para una transferencia HTTP(S), y esa transferencia realiza una redirección entre protocolos a una segunda URL que utiliza un esquema IMAP, LDAP, POP3 o SMTP, curl podría pasar erróneamente el token portador al nuevo host de destino."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-14524",
"lastModified": "2026-09-15T07:16:24.020",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
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"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
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"ssvcData": {
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"options": [
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},
{
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},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-09T19:24:54.231955Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-01-08T10:15:46.607",
"references": [
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"tags": [
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],
"url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-14524.html"
},
{
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},
{
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3459417"
},
{
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],
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"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
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"type": "Secondary"
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{
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"value": "CWE-601"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
} | — | ||||
| CVSS cvss conflict | NVD | 5.3receipt
What the source handed over{
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
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{
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"product": "curl",
"vendor": "curl",
"versions": [
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},
{
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"versionType": "semver"
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{
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}
} | — | ||||
| CVSS cvss conflict | Red Hat | 6.5receipt
What the source handed over{
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"CWE": "CWE-201",
"advisories": [
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"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-14524.json",
"severity": "low"
} | — | ||||
| CVSS vector cvss_vector not compared | NVD | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:Nreceipt
What the source handed over{
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} | — | ||||
| CVSS vector cvss_vector not compared | Red Hat | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:Nreceipt
What the source handed over{
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"CWE": "CWE-201",
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],
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"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-14524.json",
"severity": "low"
} | — | ||||
| CWE cwe different words | NVD | CWE-522, CWE-601receipt
What the source handed over{
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} | — | ||||
| CWE cwe different words | Red Hat | CWE-201receipt
What the source handed over{
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"CWE": "CWE-201",
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"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-14524.json",
"severity": "low"
} | — | ||||
| Exploitation exploitation | NVD | none No evidence of exploitation, and no public proof of concept. receipt
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"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-14524.html"
},
{
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-14524.json"
},
{
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Issue Tracking",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3459417"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List",
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/07/4"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
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"value": "CWE-522"
}
],
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-601"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
} | — | ||||
| Fixed in fixed_in | NVD | 8.14.2, 8.16.1, 8.18.0receipt
What the source handed over{
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
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{
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{
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]
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"version": "7.53.0"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.50.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.49.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.48.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.47.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.47.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.46.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.45.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.44.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.43.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.42.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.42.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.41.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.40.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.39.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.38.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "7.37.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
"status": "affected",
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},
{
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},
{
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"version": "7.33.0"
}
]
}
],
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "A68C0C39-B32A-4FED-A179-1BF16B8E0E1C",
"versionEndExcluding": "8.18.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "7.33.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer\nperforms a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP,\nPOP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new\ntarget host."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Cuando se utiliza un token portador de OAuth2 para una transferencia HTTP(S), y esa transferencia realiza una redirección entre protocolos a una segunda URL que utiliza un esquema IMAP, LDAP, POP3 o SMTP, curl podría pasar erróneamente el token portador al nuevo host de destino."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-14524",
"lastModified": "2026-09-15T07:16:24.020",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.6,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-14524",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-09T19:24:54.231955Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-01-08T10:15:46.607",
"references": [
{
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-14524.html"
},
{
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2025-14524.json"
},
{
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Issue Tracking",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3459417"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List",
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/07/4"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
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"value": "CWE-522"
}
],
"source": "2499f714-1537-4658-8207-48ae4bb9eae9",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-601"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
} | — | ||||
| Packages packages | Red Hat | curl-main-8.19.0-3.hum1receipt
What the source handed over{
"CVE": "CVE-2025-14524",
"CWE": "CWE-201",
"advisories": [
"RHSA-2026:6893"
],
"affected_packages": [
"curl-main-8.19.0-3.hum1"
],
"bugzilla": "2426407",
"bugzilla_description": "curl: Information disclosure via cross-protocol redirect with OAuth2 bearer token",
"cvss3_score": "6.5",
"cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"cvss_score": null,
"cvss_scoring_vector": null,
"package_state": null,
"public_date": "2026-01-07T00:00:00Z",
"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-14524.json",
"severity": "low"
} | — | ||||
| Product product | NVD | curlreceipt
What the source handed over{
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
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{
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"product": "curl",
"vendor": "curl",
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{
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},
{
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}
]
},
{
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"vendor": "curl",
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"status": "affected",
"version": "06c1bea72faabb6fad4b7ef818aafaa336c9a7aa",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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| Severity severity conflict | NVD | MEDIUM From 4.0 to 6.9. receipt
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} | medium | ||||
| Severity severity conflict | Red Hat | low A flaw that is unlikely to be exploited, or whose impact is minimal. receipt
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"CWE": "CWE-201",
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"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-14524.json",
"severity": "low"
} | — | ||||
| Status status | NVD | Modifiedreceipt
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} | — | ||||
| Technical impact technical_impact | NVD | partial The attacker gains limited control, or limited information. receipt
What the source handed over{
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} | — | ||||
| Vendor vendor | NVD | curlreceipt
What the source handed over{
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"value": "When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer\nperforms a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP,\nPOP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new\ntarget host."
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}
} | — |
Every claim, by kind
vulnerability
| curl: Information disclosure via cross-protocol redirect with OAuth2 bearer token zetlyn/cve-redhat · 2026-01-07 | cvss 6.5 cvss_vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N cwe CWE-201 packages curl-main-8.19.0-3.hum1 severity low | source |
| When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer
performs a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP,
POP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new
target host. zetlyn/cve-nvd · 2026-01-08 | automatable no cvss 5.3 cvss_vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N cwe CWE-522, CWE-601 exploitation none fixed_in 8.14.2, 8.16.1, 8.18.0 product curl severity MEDIUM status Modified technical_impact partial vendor curl | source |