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thunderbird: firefox: Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird ESR 140.2, Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 142

cve CVE-2025-9184 2 sources, 2 claims · Watch

Red Hat writes:
thunderbird: firefox: Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird ESR 140.2, Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 142 the claim
Severity
HIGH NVD
important Red Hat
CVSS they disagree
8.1 NVD
7.5 Red Hat
Vendor
Mozilla NVD
Product
Firefox NVD
CWE
CWE-119 NVD
CWE-119 Red Hat

How far exploitation has got

  1. No public code known
  2. Proof of concept
  3. Proof of concept, verified
  4. A Metasploit module
  5. Exploited in the wild
  6. Used in ransomware campaigns

Why the CVSS differs

MetricNVDRed Hat
Attack vector AVnetwork Nnetwork N
Attack complexity AChigh Hhigh H
Privileges required PRnone Nnone N
User interaction UInone Nrequired R
Scope Sunchanged Uunchanged U
Confidentiality Chigh Hhigh H
Integrity Ihigh Hhigh H
Availability Ahigh Hhigh H

Each source scores the same vulnerability from what it judges the attack to need. The rows marked are where they judge it differently.

Timeline

2025-08-19first spoke of it: Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 and Thunderbird 141. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 142, Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird 142, and Thunderbird 140.2.NVD
2025-08-19first spoke of it: thunderbird: firefox: Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird ESR 140.2, Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 142Red Hat

What it is to other things

affectsmozilla/firefox
NVD
affectsmozilla/thunderbird
NVD
made_bymozilla
NVD
Every value, with what each source said and its receipt
PropertySourceSaidMeans here
Automatable
automatable
NVDno
At least one of those steps needs a person.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
no
Read by
field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].automatable
Said since
2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 11:54 UTCno
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "product": "Firefox",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          },
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            "vendor": "Mozilla",
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                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          }
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      }
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      },
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        "lang": "es",
        "value": "Errores de seguridad de memoria presentes en Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 y Thunderbird 141. Algunos de estos errores mostraron evidencia de corrupción de memoria y presumimos que, con suficiente esfuerzo, algunos de ellos podrían haberse explotado para ejecutar código arbitrario. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox menor que 142, Firefox ESR menor que 140.2, Thunderbird menor que 142 y Thunderbird menor que 140.2."
      }
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—
CVSS
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2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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Said since
2026-09-29 09:44 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 13:02 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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CVSS vector
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2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
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2026-10-06 11:54 UTCCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC—
What the source handed over
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}
—
CVSS vector
cvss_vector
not compared		Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
receipt
Source
Red Hat
Its words
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Read by
field:cvss3_scoring_vector
Said since
2026-10-06 13:01 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 13:02 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 13:01 UTCCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
2026-09-29 09:44 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
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  "CWE": "CWE-119",
  "advisories": [],
  "affected_packages": [],
  "bugzilla": "2389588",
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  "cvss3_score": "7.5",
  "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "cvss_score": null,
  "cvss_scoring_vector": null,
  "package_state": null,
  "public_date": "2025-08-19T20:33:58Z",
  "resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-9184.json",
  "severity": "important"
}
—
CWE
cwe
NVDCWE-119
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
CWE-119
Read by
field:cve.weaknesses[].description[].value
Said since
2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 11:54 UTCCWE-119
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
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      {
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            "vendor": "Mozilla",
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              },
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              }
            ]
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  }
}
—
CWE
cwe
Red HatCWE-119
receipt
Source
Red Hat
Its words
CWE-119
Read by
field:CWE
Said since
2026-09-29 09:44 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 13:02 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
{
  "CVE": "CVE-2025-9184",
  "CWE": "CWE-119",
  "advisories": [],
  "affected_packages": [],
  "bugzilla": "2389588",
  "bugzilla_description": "thunderbird: firefox: Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird ESR 140.2, Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 142",
  "cvss3_score": "7.5",
  "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "cvss_score": null,
  "cvss_scoring_vector": null,
  "package_state": null,
  "public_date": "2025-08-19T20:33:58Z",
  "resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-9184.json",
  "severity": "important"
}
—
Exploitation
exploitation
NVDnone
No evidence of exploitation, and no public proof of concept.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
none
Read by
field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].exploitation
Said since
2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 11:54 UTCnone
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "product": "Firefox",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "product": "Thunderbird",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source": "security@mozilla.org"
      }
    ],
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                "versionEndExcluding": "140.2.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
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      "ssvcV203": [
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              },
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    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "security@mozilla.org",
    "vulnStatus": "Modified",
    "weaknesses": [
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}
—
Product
product
NVDFirefox
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
Firefox
Read by
field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].product
Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "product": "Firefox",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "product": "Thunderbird",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source": "security@mozilla.org"
      }
    ],
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      },
      {
        "lang": "es",
        "value": "Errores de seguridad de memoria presentes en Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 y Thunderbird 141. Algunos de estos errores mostraron evidencia de corrupción de memoria y presumimos que, con suficiente esfuerzo, algunos de ellos podrían haberse explotado para ejecutar código arbitrario. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox menor que 142, Firefox ESR menor que 140.2, Thunderbird menor que 142 y Thunderbird menor que 140.2."
      }
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—
Severity
severity
NVDHIGH
From 7.0 to 8.9.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
HIGH
Read by
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Said since
2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 11:54 UTCHIGH
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC—
What the source handed over
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high
Severity
severity
Red Hatimportant
A flaw that can easily compromise confidentiality, integrity or availability.
receipt
Source
Red Hat
Its words
important
Read by
field:severity
Said since
2026-09-29 09:44 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 13:02 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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high
Status
status
NVDModified
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
Modified
Read by
field:cve.vulnStatus
Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
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—
Technical impact
technical_impact
NVDtotal
The attacker gains full control of the component, or all of its information.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
total
Read by
field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].technicalImpact
Said since
2026-10-06 11:54 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 11:54 UTCtotal
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC—
What the source handed over
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        "value": "Errores de seguridad de memoria presentes en Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 y Thunderbird 141. Algunos de estos errores mostraron evidencia de corrupción de memoria y presumimos que, con suficiente esfuerzo, algunos de ellos podrían haberse explotado para ejecutar código arbitrario. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox menor que 142, Firefox ESR menor que 140.2, Thunderbird menor que 142 y Thunderbird menor que 140.2."
      }
    ],
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    "lastModified": "2026-10-05T15:10:00.590",
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            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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      "ssvcV203": [
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    "published": "2025-08-19T21:15:30.903",
    "references": [
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        "tags": [
          "Broken Link"
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        "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1929482%2C1976376%2C1979163%2C1979955"
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      {
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          "Vendor Advisory"
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        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-70/"
      },
      {
        "source": "security@mozilla.org",
        "tags": [
          "Vendor Advisory"
        ],
        "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-72/"
      }
    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "security@mozilla.org",
    "vulnStatus": "Modified",
    "weaknesses": [
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        ],
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}
—
Vendor
vendor
NVDMozilla
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
Mozilla
Read by
field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].vendor
Said since
2026-10-02 12:00 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "product": "Firefox",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "product": "Thunderbird",
            "vendor": "Mozilla",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "140.*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "140.2",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              },
              {
                "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                "status": "unaffected",
                "version": "142",
                "versionType": "rpm"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "source": "security@mozilla.org"
      }
    ],
    "configurations": [
      {
        "nodes": [
          {
            "cpeMatch": [
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "7C721868-B6F1-444A-B085-A41C1A11DA2A",
                "versionEndExcluding": "140.2.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "9F095AEE-D972-4427-A063-5CA441E4D1A5",
                "versionEndExcluding": "142.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:esr:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "1FD80699-54D4-4135-9FB3-93FEC4E7D7DA",
                "versionEndExcluding": "140.2.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird:*:*:*:*:-:*:*:*",
                "matchCriteriaId": "44E5E769-8961-46D3-90E5-DFA27D979F7D",
                "versionEndExcluding": "142.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "negate": false,
            "operator": "OR"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "cveTags": [],
    "descriptions": [
      {
        "lang": "en",
        "value": "Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 and Thunderbird 141. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 142, Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird 142, and Thunderbird 140.2."
      },
      {
        "lang": "es",
        "value": "Errores de seguridad de memoria presentes en Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 y Thunderbird 141. Algunos de estos errores mostraron evidencia de corrupción de memoria y presumimos que, con suficiente esfuerzo, algunos de ellos podrían haberse explotado para ejecutar código arbitrario. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a Firefox menor que 142, Firefox ESR menor que 140.2, Thunderbird menor que 142 y Thunderbird menor que 140.2."
      }
    ],
    "id": "CVE-2025-9184",
    "lastModified": "2026-10-05T15:10:00.590",
    "metrics": {
      "cvssMetricV31": [
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            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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      "ssvcV203": [
        {
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      },
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}
—
Every claim, by kind

vulnerability

thunderbird: firefox: Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird ESR 140.2, Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 142
zetlyn/cve-redhat · 2025-08-19
cvss 7.5 cvss_vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H cwe CWE-119 severity important source
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 140.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.1, Firefox 141 and Thunderbird 141. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 142, Firefox ESR 140.2, Thunderbird 142, and Thunderbird 140.2.
zetlyn/cve-nvd · 2025-08-19
automatable no cvss 8.1 cvss_vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H cwe CWE-119 exploitation none product Firefox severity HIGH status Modified technical_impact total vendor Mozilla source