erlang: Erlang OTP public_key: Certificate validation bypass allows hostname spoofing
cve CVE-2026-42790 2 sources, 2 claims · Watch
Red Hat writes:
erlang: Erlang OTP public_key: Certificate validation bypass allows hostname spoofing the claim
erlang: Erlang OTP public_key: Certificate validation bypass allows hostname spoofing the claim
- Severity
- HIGH NVDimportant Red Hat
- CVSS they disagree
- 8.1 NVD7.4 Red Hat
- Vendor
- Erlang NVD
- Product
- OTP NVD
- CWE
- CWE-295, CWE-297 NVDCWE-295 Red Hat
How far exploitation has got
- No public code known
- Proof of concept
- Proof of concept, verified
- A Metasploit module
- Exploited in the wild
- Used in ransomware campaigns
Why the CVSS differs
| Metric | NVD | Red Hat |
|---|---|---|
| Attack vector AV | network N | network N |
| Attack complexity AC | low L | high H |
| Privileges required PR | none N | none N |
| User interaction UI | required R | none N |
| Scope S | unchanged U | unchanged U |
| Confidentiality C | high H | high H |
| Integrity I | high H | high H |
| Availability A | none N | none N |
Each source scores the same vulnerability from what it judges the attack to need. The rows marked are where they judge it differently.
Timeline
| 2026-05-27 | first spoke of it: Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Erlang OTP public_key (pubkey_cert and public_key modules) allows a DNS nameConstraints bypass via subject CommonName fallback in TLS hostname verification. Two flaws combine to allow a subordinate CA whose DNS nameConstraints are restricted (e.g. permitted;DNS:allowed.example.com) to issue a leaf certificate that an OTP TLS client accepts as a valid identity for an out-of-scope hostname (e.g. victim.example.com): First, pubkey_cert:validate_names/6 in lib/public_key/src/pubkey_cert.erl only checks SAN DNS entries against nameConstraints. Per RFC 5280, a permitted DNS subtree only restricts certificates that contain a DNS-typed name. A leaf with no subjectAltName therefore trivially satisfies any permitted;DNS:... constraint regardless of its subject commonName. Second, public_key:pkix_verify_hostname/3 in lib/public_key/src/public_key.erl falls back to the subject commonName when no subjectAltName is present, extracting id-at-commonName attributes as presented IDs and matching them against the reference hostname. The strict pkix_verify_hostname_match_fun(https) matcher does not suppress this fallback. The result is that path validation accepts a CN-only leaf under a DNS-constrained intermediate (no SAN means the nameConstraints are not triggered), and hostname verification then accepts it via the CN fallback. The bypass is reachable from stock ssl:connect with verify_peer, a trusted CA, SNI, and the canonical strict https hostname matcher. This issue affects OTP from OTP 19.3 before OTP 29.0.1, OTP 28.5.0.1, OTP 27.3.4.12 and OTP 26.2.5.21, corresponding to public_key from 1.4 before 1.21.1, 1.20.3.1, 1.17.1.3 and 1.15.1.7. | NVD |
| 2026-05-27 | first spoke of it: erlang: Erlang OTP public_key: Certificate validation bypass allows hostname spoofing | Red Hat |
What it is to other things
| affects | erlang/erlang\/otp NVD |
| made_by | erlang NVD |
In words only, so not counted until a person confirms one:
| affects | erlang/otpNVD says “Erlang · OTP” |
Every value, with what each source said and its receipt
| Property | Source | Said | Means here | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Automatable automatable | NVD | no At least one of those steps needs a person. receipt
What the source handed over{
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}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-42790",
"lastModified": "2026-09-18T13:18:22.680",
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} | — | ||||
| CVSS cvss conflict | NVD | 8.1receipt
What the source handed over{
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"lessThan": "*",
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| Cvss4 cvss4 | NVD | 7.6receipt
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} | — | ||||
| Cvss4 vector cvss4_vector | NVD | CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Xreceipt
What the source handed over{
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} | — | ||||
| CVSS vector cvss_vector not compared | NVD | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:Nreceipt
What the source handed over{
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| CVSS vector cvss_vector not compared | Red Hat | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:Nreceipt
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} | — | ||||
| CWE cwe different words | Red Hat | CWE-295receipt
What the source handed over{
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"CWE": "CWE-295",
"advisories": [
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"RHSA-2026:63160",
"RHSA-2026:54757"
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],
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"cvss3_score": "7.4",
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"package_state": null,
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"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-42790.json",
"severity": "important"
} | — | ||||
| Exploitation exploitation | NVD | none No evidence of exploitation, and no public proof of concept. receipt
What the source handed over{
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"value": "Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Erlang OTP public_key (pubkey_cert and public_key modules) allows a DNS nameConstraints bypass via subject CommonName fallback in TLS hostname verification.\n\nTwo flaws combine to allow a subordinate CA whose DNS nameConstraints are restricted (e.g. permitted;DNS:allowed.example.com) to issue a leaf certificate that an OTP TLS client accepts as a valid identity for an out-of-scope hostname (e.g. victim.example.com):\n\nFirst, pubkey_cert:validate_names/6 in lib/public_key/src/pubkey_cert.erl only checks SAN DNS entries against nameConstraints. Per RFC 5280, a permitted DNS subtree only restricts certificates that contain a DNS-typed name. A leaf with no subjectAltName therefore trivially satisfies any permitted;DNS:... constraint regardless of its subject commonName.\n\nSecond, public_key:pkix_verify_hostname/3 in lib/public_key/src/public_key.erl falls back to the subject commonName when no subjectAltName is present, extracting id-at-commonName attributes as presented IDs and matching them against the reference hostname. The strict pkix_verify_hostname_match_fun(https) matcher does not suppress this fallback.\n\nThe result is that path validation accepts a CN-only leaf under a DNS-constrained intermediate (no SAN means the nameConstraints are not triggered), and hostname verification then accepts it via the CN fallback. The bypass is reachable from stock ssl:connect with verify_peer, a trusted CA, SNI, and the canonical strict https hostname matcher.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 19.3 before OTP 29.0.1, OTP 28.5.0.1, OTP 27.3.4.12 and OTP 26.2.5.21, corresponding to public_key from 1.4 before 1.21.1, 1.20.3.1, 1.17.1.3 and 1.15.1.7."
}
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"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-42790.json"
}
],
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{
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}
],
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"type": "Secondary"
},
{
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}
],
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
} | — | ||||
| Packages packages | Red Hat | erlang-0:23.3.4.18-2.el8ost, erlang-0:26.2.5.21-2.el9ost, erlang27-main-27.3.4.17-1.hum1receipt
What the source handed over{
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"CWE": "CWE-295",
"advisories": [
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"RHSA-2026:63160",
"RHSA-2026:54757"
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"bugzilla": "2482286",
"bugzilla_description": "erlang: Erlang OTP public_key: Certificate validation bypass allows hostname spoofing",
"cvss3_score": "7.4",
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"cvss_score": null,
"cvss_scoring_vector": null,
"package_state": null,
"public_date": "2026-05-27T15:09:01Z",
"resource_url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-42790.json",
"severity": "important"
} | — | ||||
| Product product | NVD | OTPreceipt
What the source handed over{
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"value": "Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Erlang OTP public_key (pubkey_cert and public_key modules) allows a DNS nameConstraints bypass via subject CommonName fallback in TLS hostname verification.\n\nTwo flaws combine to allow a subordinate CA whose DNS nameConstraints are restricted (e.g. permitted;DNS:allowed.example.com) to issue a leaf certificate that an OTP TLS client accepts as a valid identity for an out-of-scope hostname (e.g. victim.example.com):\n\nFirst, pubkey_cert:validate_names/6 in lib/public_key/src/pubkey_cert.erl only checks SAN DNS entries against nameConstraints. Per RFC 5280, a permitted DNS subtree only restricts certificates that contain a DNS-typed name. A leaf with no subjectAltName therefore trivially satisfies any permitted;DNS:... constraint regardless of its subject commonName.\n\nSecond, public_key:pkix_verify_hostname/3 in lib/public_key/src/public_key.erl falls back to the subject commonName when no subjectAltName is present, extracting id-at-commonName attributes as presented IDs and matching them against the reference hostname. The strict pkix_verify_hostname_match_fun(https) matcher does not suppress this fallback.\n\nThe result is that path validation accepts a CN-only leaf under a DNS-constrained intermediate (no SAN means the nameConstraints are not triggered), and hostname verification then accepts it via the CN fallback. The bypass is reachable from stock ssl:connect with verify_peer, a trusted CA, SNI, and the canonical strict https hostname matcher.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 19.3 before OTP 29.0.1, OTP 28.5.0.1, OTP 27.3.4.12 and OTP 26.2.5.21, corresponding to public_key from 1.4 before 1.21.1, 1.20.3.1, 1.17.1.3 and 1.15.1.7."
}
],
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"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
} | — | ||||
| Severity severity | NVD | HIGH From 7.0 to 8.9. receipt
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{
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{
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{
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"type": "Secondary"
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}
} | — | ||||
| Technical impact technical_impact | NVD | total The attacker gains full control of the component, or all of its information. receipt
What the source handed over{
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{
"affectedData": [
{
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{
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{
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"version": "19.3",
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{
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{
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{
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"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
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{
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"value": "Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability in Erlang OTP public_key (pubkey_cert and public_key modules) allows a DNS nameConstraints bypass via subject CommonName fallback in TLS hostname verification.\n\nTwo flaws combine to allow a subordinate CA whose DNS nameConstraints are restricted (e.g. permitted;DNS:allowed.example.com) to issue a leaf certificate that an OTP TLS client accepts as a valid identity for an out-of-scope hostname (e.g. victim.example.com):\n\nFirst, pubkey_cert:validate_names/6 in lib/public_key/src/pubkey_cert.erl only checks SAN DNS entries against nameConstraints. Per RFC 5280, a permitted DNS subtree only restricts certificates that contain a DNS-typed name. A leaf with no subjectAltName therefore trivially satisfies any permitted;DNS:... constraint regardless of its subject commonName.\n\nSecond, public_key:pkix_verify_hostname/3 in lib/public_key/src/public_key.erl falls back to the subject commonName when no subjectAltName is present, extracting id-at-commonName attributes as presented IDs and matching them against the reference hostname. The strict pkix_verify_hostname_match_fun(https) matcher does not suppress this fallback.\n\nThe result is that path validation accepts a CN-only leaf under a DNS-constrained intermediate (no SAN means the nameConstraints are not triggered), and hostname verification then accepts it via the CN fallback. The bypass is reachable from stock ssl:connect with verify_peer, a trusted CA, SNI, and the canonical strict https hostname matcher.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 19.3 before OTP 29.0.1, OTP 28.5.0.1, OTP 27.3.4.12 and OTP 26.2.5.21, corresponding to public_key from 1.4 before 1.21.1, 1.20.3.1, 1.17.1.3 and 1.15.1.7."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-42790",
"lastModified": "2026-09-18T13:18:22.680",
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"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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]
}
} | — | ||||
| Vendor vendor | NVD | Erlangreceipt
What the source handed over{
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} | — |