In FreeBSD 15.0, the kernel structure used to represent user credentials changed: previously the primary group ID was stored in the first el…

cve CVE-2026-58092 1 source, 1 claim · Watch

NVD writes:
In FreeBSD 15.0, the kernel structure used to represent user credentials changed: previously the primary group ID was stored in the first element of the array containing the list of supplementary group IDs, whereas now the primary group ID is stored in a dedicated field. This change was largely internal to the kernel and not user-visible. One function, group_is_primary(), was not properly updated as a part of this transition. This function is used by mac_do to determine the primary group ID of the credential after applying a transition rule, used when the rule target does not explicitly spe… the claim
Severity
HIGH NVD
CVSS
8.1 NVD
Vendor
FreeBSD NVD
Product
FreeBSD NVD
CWE
CWE-288 NVD

How far exploitation has got

  1. No public code known
  2. Proof of concept
  3. Proof of concept, verified
  4. A Metasploit module
  5. Exploited in the wild
  6. Used in ransomware campaigns

Timeline

2026-08-26first spoke of it: In FreeBSD 15.0, the kernel structure used to represent user credentials changed: previously the primary group ID was stored in the first element of the array containing the list of supplementary group IDs, whereas now the primary group ID is stored in a dedicated field. This change was largely internal to the kernel and not user-visible. One function, group_is_primary(), was not properly updated as a part of this transition. This function is used by mac_do to determine the primary group ID of the credential after applying a transition rule, used when the rule target does not explicitly specify a group. As a result, with certain mac_do rules, it is possible for a credential switch to incorrectly set the primary group ID to the ID stored in the first element of the original credential's supplementary group array. If the list of supplementary groups is empty, this value will be 0, corresponding to the "wheel" group. For example, a rule such as "uid=1001>uid=1002" can be abused to set the primary group ID to 0 even if the process did not originally belong to group 0. Certain mac_do rules can be abused to set a process' group ID to 0. Note however, that the rule must apply to the caller in order for the bug to be triggered, e.g., given the ruleset "uid=1001>uid=1002", the user must have user ID 1001 in order to trigger the bug. Further, logged-in users will in general have a non-empty supplementary group list, in which case the bug can at worst be used to set the credential's first supplementary group ID as its primary group ID. Processes must explicitly remove themselves from all supplementary groups, using the privileged setgroups(2) system call, in order to exploit the bug to set 0 as the primary group ID. Since membership in group 0 is often used to enable controlled privilege escalation, the bug might be further exploitable to obtain root privileges, depending on the system configuration. For instance, a ruleset such as the following could be exploited by a process running as user 1001 and with an empty supplementary group list: "uid=1001>uid=1002;gid=0>uid=0".NVD

In FreeBSD 15.0, the kernel structure used to represent user credentials changed: previously the primary group ID was stored in the first element of the array containing the list of supplementary group IDs, whereas now the primary group ID is stored in a dedicated field. This change was largely internal to the kernel and not user-visible. One function, group_is_primary(), was not properly updated as a part of this transition. This function is used by mac_do to determine the primary group ID of the credential after applying a transition rule, used when the rule target does not explicitly specify a group. As a result, with certain mac_do rules, it is possible for a credential switch to incorrectly set the primary group ID to the ID stored in the first element of the original credential's supplementary group array. If the list of supplementary groups is empty, this value will be 0, corresponding to the "wheel" group. For example, a rule such as "uid=1001>uid=1002" can be abused to set the primary group ID to 0 even if the process did not originally belong to group 0. Certain mac_do rules can be abused to set a process' group ID to 0. Note however, that the rule must apply to the caller in order for the bug to be triggered, e.g., given the ruleset "uid=1001>uid=1002", the user must have user ID 1001 in order to trigger the bug. Further, logged-in users will in general have a non-empty supplementary group list, in which case the bug can at worst be used to set the credential's first supplementary group ID as its primary group ID. Processes must explicitly remove themselves from all supplementary groups, using the privileged setgroups(2) system call, in order to exploit the bug to set 0 as the primary group ID. Since membership in group 0 is often used to enable controlled privilege escalation, the bug might be further exploitable to obtain root privileges, depending on the system configuration. For instance, a ruleset such as the following could be exploited by a process running as user 1001 and with an empty supplementary group list: "uid=1001>uid=1002;gid=0>uid=0".

What it is to other things

affectsfreebsd/freebsd
NVD
made_byfreebsd
NVD
Every value, with what each source said and its receipt
PropertySourceSaidMeans here
Automatable
automatable
NVDno
At least one of those steps needs a person.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
no
Read by
field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].automatable
Said since
2026-10-06 12:29 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 12:29 UTCno
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "modules": [
              "mac"
            ],
            "product": "FreeBSD",
            "vendor": "FreeBSD",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "p3",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "15.1-RELEASE",
                "versionType": "release"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "p13",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "15.0-RELEASE",
                "versionType": "release"
              }
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          }
        ],
        "source": "secteam@freebsd.org"
      }
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                "vulnerable": true
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            "negate": false,
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      }
    ],
    "cveTags": [],
    "descriptions": [
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        "lang": "en",
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      }
    ],
    "id": "CVE-2026-58092",
    "lastModified": "2026-09-24T13:34:50.177",
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            "timestamp": "2026-08-27T03:57:09.370749Z",
            "version": "2.0.3"
          }
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    },
    "published": "2026-08-26T05:18:12.453",
    "references": [
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        "source": "secteam@freebsd.org",
        "tags": [
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        "url": "https://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-26:59.mac_do.asc"
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            "value": "CWE-288"
          }
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        "source": "secteam@freebsd.org",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}
—
CVSS
cvss
NVD8.1
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
8.1
Read by
field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[type=Primary].cvssData.baseScore || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[].cvssData.baseScore
Said since
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
{
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    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "modules": [
              "mac"
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}
—
CVSS vector
cvss_vector
NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Read by
field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[type=Primary].cvssData.vectorString || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[].cvssData.vectorString
Said since
2026-10-06 12:29 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 12:29 UTCCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
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      }
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    "id": "CVE-2026-58092",
    "lastModified": "2026-09-24T13:34:50.177",
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        ],
        "source": "secteam@freebsd.org",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}
—
CWE
cwe
NVDCWE-288
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
CWE-288
Read by
field:cve.weaknesses[].description[].value
Said since
2026-10-06 12:29 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 12:29 UTCCWE-288
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
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    "affected": [
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            "value": "CWE-288"
          }
        ],
        "source": "secteam@freebsd.org",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}
—
Exploitation
exploitation
NVDnone
No evidence of exploitation, and no public proof of concept.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
none
Read by
field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].exploitation
Said since
2026-10-06 12:29 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 12:29 UTCnone
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
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            "modules": [
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      }
    ],
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    "lastModified": "2026-09-24T13:34:50.177",
    "metrics": {
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      }
    ]
  }
}
—
Product
product
NVDFreeBSD
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
FreeBSD
Read by
field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].product
Said since
2026-09-29 17:49 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-09-29 17:49 UTCFreeBSD
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
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    ],
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            "options": [
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              {
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        "tags": [
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      }
    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "secteam@freebsd.org",
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          }
        ],
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        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}
—
Severity
severity
NVDHIGH
From 7.0 to 8.9.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
HIGH
Read by
field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[type=Primary].cvssData.baseSeverity || field:cve.metrics.cvssMetricV31[].cvssData.baseSeverity
Said since
2026-10-06 12:29 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 12:29 UTCHIGH
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
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      }
    ],
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    "lastModified": "2026-09-24T13:34:50.177",
    "metrics": {
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            "options": [
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              },
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              },
              {
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              }
            ],
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          }
        }
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    "references": [
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        "tags": [
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        ],
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      }
    ],
    "sourceIdentifier": "secteam@freebsd.org",
    "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
    "weaknesses": [
      {
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          {
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          }
        ],
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        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  }
}
high
Status
status
NVDAnalyzed
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
Analyzed
Read by
field:cve.vulnStatus
Said since
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
What the source handed over
{
  "cve": {
    "affected": [
      {
        "affectedData": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "modules": [
              "mac"
            ],
            "product": "FreeBSD",
            "vendor": "FreeBSD",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "p3",
                "status": "affected",
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                "versionType": "release"
              },
              {
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      }
    ],
    "id": "CVE-2026-58092",
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  }
}
—
Technical impact
technical_impact
NVDtotal
The attacker gains full control of the component, or all of its information.
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
total
Read by
field:cve.metrics.ssvcV203[].ssvcData.options[].technicalImpact
Said since
2026-10-06 12:29 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-10-06 12:29 UTCtotal
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
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}
—
Vendor
vendor
NVDFreeBSD
receipt
Source
NVD
Its words
FreeBSD
Read by
field:cve.affected[].affectedData[].vendor
Said since
2026-09-29 17:49 UTC
Last answered
2026-10-06 12:41 UTC
Original
open at the source
2026-09-29 17:49 UTCFreeBSD
2026-09-29 09:45 UTC—
What the source handed over
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  }
}
—
Every claim, by kind

vulnerability

In FreeBSD 15.0, the kernel structure used to represent user credentials changed: previously the primary group ID was stored in the first element of the array containing the list of supplementary group IDs, whereas now the primary group ID is stored in a dedicated field. This change was largely internal to the kernel and not user-visible. One function, group_is_primary(), was not properly updated as a part of this transition. This function is used by mac_do to determine the primary group ID of the credential after applying a transition rule, used when the rule target does not explicitly specify a group. As a result, with certain mac_do rules, it is possible for a credential switch to incorrectly set the primary group ID to the ID stored in the first element of the original credential's supplementary group array. If the list of supplementary groups is empty, this value will be 0, corresponding to the "wheel" group. For example, a rule such as "uid=1001>uid=1002" can be abused to set the primary group ID to 0 even if the process did not originally belong to group 0. Certain mac_do rules can be abused to set a process' group ID to 0. Note however, that the rule must apply to the caller in order for the bug to be triggered, e.g., given the ruleset "uid=1001>uid=1002", the user must have user ID 1001 in order to trigger the bug. Further, logged-in users will in general have a non-empty supplementary group list, in which case the bug can at worst be used to set the credential's first supplementary group ID as its primary group ID. Processes must explicitly remove themselves from all supplementary groups, using the privileged setgroups(2) system call, in order to exploit the bug to set 0 as the primary group ID. Since membership in group 0 is often used to enable controlled privilege escalation, the bug might be further exploitable to obtain root privileges, depending on the system configuration. For instance, a ruleset such as the following could be exploited by a process running as user 1001 and with an empty supplementary group list: "uid=1001>uid=1002;gid=0>uid=0".
zetlyn/cve-nvd · 2026-08-26
automatable no cvss 8.1 cvss_vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N cwe CWE-288 exploitation none product FreeBSD severity HIGH status Analyzed technical_impact total vendor FreeBSD source